Surgery
High yield
Stomach: surgical anatomy
J-shaped foregut organ from the cardia (T11) to the pylorus (L1); antrum lacks parietal and chief cells.
High yield
Blood supply of the stomach
Five named arteries from the coeliac trunk form lesser and greater curvature arcades; veins drain to the portal system.
High yield
Vagal innervation of the stomach
Anterior (left) and posterior (right) vagal trunks give hepatic, coeliac and gastric divisions; nerves of Latarjet supply the antrum.
High yield
Duodenum: surgical anatomy
C-shaped, 25–30 cm, from pylorus to duodenojejunal flexure around the pancreatic head; retroperitoneal except the first 2.5 cm.
High yield
Blood supply of the duodenum
Anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arcades join the gastroduodenal artery (coeliac) to the superior mesenteric artery.
High yield
Lymphatic drainage of the stomach and duodenum
Gastric lymph follows the arteries through 20 numbered stations to the coeliac nodes; duodenal lymph drains to pancreaticoduodenal nodes.
High yield
58. Peptic ulcer: modern surgical treatment
Mucosal defect beyond the muscularis mucosae from acid-pepsin; H. pylori and NSAIDs cause most; surgery mainly for complications.
High yield
60. Perforated peptic ulcer
Gastric or duodenal ulcer perforating into the peritoneum; resuscitation, omental patch repair and H. pylori eradication.
High yield
61. Bleeding peptic ulcer
Commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding; endoscopic dual therapy and PPI first; surgery or embolisation if endoscopy fails.